Women should continue to see their physician on a regular basis throughout life. Your physician is your ultimate medical guide and should be consulted about any questions you may have concerning your health.

Q. What are phytoestrogens and how do they relate to menopause?

A. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring compounds in certain plants, herbs, and seeds that are similar in chemical structure to estrogen and/or produce estrogen-like effects. There is some suggestion that in certain cultures (i.e., Asian) where large amounts of phytoestrogen-containing foods are consumed, women may have fewer short-term menopause symptoms (i.e., hot flashes) and lessened long-term health risks (i.e.,heart disease). Currently, there is no conclusive evidence linking phytoestrogens directly to these health benefits.

Q. How does estrogen help skin look younger?

A. Estrogen increases collagen production – a protein that affects the moisture content, thickness and tone of our skin. More than 70% of the thickness of skin is due to collagen. After menopause, our skin begins to lose collagen. As a result, the skin's elasticity, softness and texture can change. By increasing the amount of collagen in our skin, estrogen helps slow the process of skin sagging.

Q. Is it true that HRT causes weight gain?

A. There is no absolute proof that HRT does or does not cause weight gain. However, in some women it can cause water retention, resulting in a bloated, full feeling and sometimes a temporary weight increase from the water in tissues. Limiting salt intake and getting regular exercise will help reduce water retention. Also, as we age, our metabolism slows and many of us become less active which can contribute to weight gain. The best advice is to pay more attention to diet and exercise.

Q. Why is there so much interest in over-the-counter and natural remedies for menopause-related symptoms?

A. Some women are hesitant to take any kind of drugs, including estrogen. Others are concerned about potential long-term negative effects such as breast cancer. A growing number are looking for something other than hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to provide relief of symptoms and protection against long-term conditions. The fact is, natural herbs and plants have been a part of drugs as long as drugs have existed. In other words, drugs are not always as synthetic as we may tend to think. Though some herbs, foods and products claim to have natural estrogen, there are no significant studies to prove their safety or effectiveness in relieving menopausal symptoms or preventing long-term health problems. Ask your doctor about natural remedies before trying them.

Q. Does estrogen get rid of the "dry" skin many women experience at menopause?

A. Estrogen treatment increases the water-holding capacity of the skin and, thereby, improves dry skin. Many women experience dry skin relief when taking HRT.